Relocation into Phuthaditjhaba and Tseki: a comparative ethnography of planned and unplanned removals

Niehaus, I.A.

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Title:	Relocation into Phuthaditjhaba and Tseki: a comparative ethnography of planned and unplanned removals
Author:	Niehaus, I.A.
Year:	1989
Periodical:	African Studies
Volume:	48
Issue:	2
Pages:	157-181
Language:	English
Geographic terms:	South Africa Qwaqwa
Subjects:	segregation Ethnic and Race Relations Politics and Government Peoples of Africa (Ethnic Groups)
External link:	https://doi.org/10.1080/00020188908707710
Abstract:	The dominant theme in the recent history of Qwaqwa (South Africa) has been the relocation of thousands of people into the 'homeland'. Estimates of Qwaqwa's population are 23,000 in 1970, and at least 300,000 in 1980. It is possible to distinguish between three areas of origin: the vast majority of people came from white-owned farms, many others were removed from towns and a smaller number of people were relocated from other 'homelands'. This paper highlights the diverse implications of relocation for different sections of Qwaqwa's population in order to show that the distinction between urban and rural removals is essential to understanding social differentiation in Qwaqwa. Relocation has not led to a uniformity of experience among former inhabitants of the countryside and those of townships. Subject to the availability of housing, people from urban areas have been allowed to settle in Phuthaditjhaba, Qwaqwa's only town. On the other hand, people from farms have been brought to the 'homeland's' closer settlement villages, including Tseki. Removals from urban areas have been official and implied prior planning to cater for the needs of those affected. Removals from rural areas have been unplanned. No provisions were made to meet even the most basic needs of households. No employment opportunities being available, both Phuthaditjhaba and Tseki residents faced extreme difficulties, as two cases show. Bibliogr., notes, ref.

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