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| Title: | From forced removal to upgrade: State strategy and popular resistance in the Border corridor |
| Authors: | Kenyon, Mike Du Toit, Barry |
| Year: | 1990 |
| Periodical: | South African Review - SARS |
| Issue: | 5 |
| Pages: | 446-456 |
| Language: | English |
| Geographic term: | South Africa |
| Subjects: | rural development local politics segregation |
| Abstract: | The 'white' or Border corridor is a strip of land in South Africa lying between the Transkei and the Ciskei, and stretching some 200 km from Queenstown to East London. In this white corridor are eight 'black spot' communities, Lesseyton, Goshen, Wartburg, Hekel, Mgwali, Newlands, Kwelera, and Mooiplaas. Although the eight communities were targets for a consolidated Ciskei, they were neither incorporated nor removed into the Ciskei by the time of its 'independence' (1981). From 1981, the Ciskei has attempted to impose its oppressive tribal authorities on the communities. During the period 1981-1985, democratic residents' associations were formed to unite the people of the communities against removal to the Ciskei. This resulted in Pretoria's announcement that all eight areas would remain part of South Africa. In 1987, the government embarked on an upgrading programme in the eight communities, allocating R12-million for this purpose in the budget of the Department of Development Aid (DDA). These new initiatives confronted the residents' organizations with the complex task of utilizing a process which involved ongoing liaison with State agents and institutions manifestly opposed to the political practices and programmes of the organizations. They were being forced into an area in which they had no experience: local authorities and the provision of local services. Two case studies (Mgwali, and Mooiplaas and Kwelera) illustrate how DDA practices are adjusted to the local context, in particular to the strength of local organization. Notes. |