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Periodical article |
| Title: | The Pulse Model: Genesis and Accommodation of Specialization in the Middle Niger |
| Author: | McIntosh, Roderick J. |
| Year: | 1993 |
| Periodical: | The Journal of African History |
| Volume: | 34 |
| Issue: | 1 |
| Pages: | 181-220 |
| Language: | English |
| Geographic term: | Mali |
| Subjects: | migration Stone Age prehistory Peoples of Africa (Ethnic Groups) Anthropology and Archaeology History and Exploration |
| External link: | https://www.jstor.org/stable/182426 |
| Abstract: | By the mid-first millennium AD, Middle Niger cities (Mali) took the form of many separate mounds clustered together. Many of these mounds may have been settlements of specialists. This distinctive city form may have had its origin in segmented, but articulated, Late Stone Age communities in the southern Sahara. The pulse model presented in this article is an attempt to reconstruct the circumstances of environmental change and interactions among these communities that encouraged occupational specialization. The model is a hypothetical alternative to the usual model of linear migrations of Late Stone Age peoples south out of the Sahara due to late Holocene desiccation. It predicts the best locations to search for evidence of early specialization, namely the several north-south trending palaeochannels of the southern Sahara. Climate shifts over the past several millennia create a 'pulse' of population movements, or shifts of ecological adaptations, along these long corridors. However, adaptation to climate change and stress incompletely explains the emergence of specialization. Tradition, myths, legends and material reinforcements of divisions between present-day ethnic and artisan groups in the Middle Niger suggest the ways in which corporate identity may have been constructed and maintained in the very distant past. Notes, ref., sum. |