A transformaçao da sociedade umbundu desde o colapso do comercio das caravanas

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Periodical article

Title:	A transformaçao da sociedade umbundu desde o colapso do comercio das caravanas
Author:	Poessinger, H.
Year:	1986
Periodical:	Revista internacional de estudos Africanos
Issue:	4-5
Pages:	75-157
Language:	Portuguese
Geographic term:	Angola
Subjects:	Ovimbundu farmers working class
Abstract:	The Ovimbundu reacted to the loss of their caravan commerce (1912) by transforming themselves into semicommercial farmers, adapting themselves within a few years to the new presence of European traders in the Central Angolan Plateau. The extension of commercial cultivation, land alienation by colonists, and the lack of possibilities of substituting the system of fallow by modern production methods began a process of soil impoverishment, and with this, the impoverishment of African farmers. The simultaneous destruction of Umbundu social structure gave rise to an increasing decomposition of the socioeconomic base of the population, resulting in a rapid process of proletarianization. The present article presents the results of an inquiry, carried out in 1968, into this process of socioeconomic decomposition of the Ovimbundu. Notes, ref.