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Periodical article Periodical article Leiden University catalogue Leiden University catalogue WorldCat catalogue WorldCat
Title:The socio-economic and political roots and consequences of Pan African Congress (PAC) militancy
Author:Lipede, A.A.
Year:1994
Periodical:Journal of Eastern African Research and Development (ISSN 0251-0405)
Volume:24
Pages:139-162
Language:English
Notes:biblio. refs.
Geographic terms:South Africa
Southern Africa
Subjects:national liberation movements
Pan Africanist Congress
politics
Pan African Congress
history
political science
Abstract:The militancy of the Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (PAC) has a long tradition. The author examines the socioeconomic and political roots of PAC militancy and locates them in their historical context, arguing that the ethos of the movement had its origin in the 1930s and early 1940s in the effects of the extremely harsh economic conditions created by the Great Depression on South Africa's African majority. The ensuing intensification of the conflict between black and white led to increased nonviolent protest by Africans which was met by State violence and extreme forms of repression. In return, Africans, particularly sections of the ANC (the Africanists), adumbrated new militant forms of passive resistance, which were adopted by the ANC Annual Conference of 1949. This, and the intense Boer nationalism of the post-1948 period, exacerbated a growing tendency within the ANC and spurred the militancy and obduracy of the Africanists who later left the ANC to establish the PAC in 1959. The consequence of this radicalism was the evolution of a movement which was the first to embark on premeditated attacks on enemy targets, apartheid-created institutions and collaborators. The movement has remained firmly committed to the armed struggle and has become increasingly marginalized from the mainstream of political processes in the South Africa of the 1990s. Notes, ref., sum.
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