Connexions between 'primary resistance' movements and modern mass nationalism in East and Central Africa

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Periodical article

Title:	Connexions between 'primary resistance' movements and modern mass nationalism in East and Central Africa
Author:	Ranger, T.O.
Year:	1968
Periodical:	The Journal of African History
Volume:	9
Issue:	3
Pages:	437-453
Language:	English
Geographic terms:	East Africa Rhodesia and Nyasaland
Subjects:	rebellions nationalism
External link:	https://www.jstor.org/stable/180275
Abstract:	The first part of this article explores a number of possible connexions between 'the last-ditch resistors' and the 'earliest organizers of armed risings', and later leaders of opposition to colonial rule in East and Central Africa. The character of the organization and aspirations of the great resistance movements is discussed. Asserted is in which ways they were similar to later mass movements. Posed is, rather than answered, the key question of whether they were also connected with later mass movements. It is with this question that the second part of this article deals. This paper is an initial exploration of the possibilities to challenge the assumption of hiatus between primary and secondary manifestations of opposition to European rule in East and Central Africa, and to establish some 'historic connexions' between primary and secondary resistance. References.