Abstract: | Restrictive conditions (environmental factors) do not have an inescapable role on port development. Various efforts to extend the navigability of the entrances, considered in this paper, have been conditioned by the level of societal development, in terms of available technology and capital, the volume and type of trade, and ports policy. Sections: Pre-developmental phase (the unimproved entrance; cultural reaction) - Methods of transshipment - Improvement of entrances (the Lagos Bar Project; the Escravos Bar Project; the Bonny Project; the improvement of Seaward Approach Channels) - Conclusion. Notes, tables, figures. |