| Abstract: | The social and cultural realities and results of geography have all along been very favourable towards the closest possible association between Nigeria and its neighbours. Under Prime Minister Balewa the significance of these realities was not fully grasped. In the early years of military rule, political turbulence and civil war, very little thoughtwas given to them. But now, a new awareness has emerged and the sub-region is emmeshed in a rewarding web of economic, political and social relationships. This paper examines the development of these relations in the three major phases through which they have passed: 1) Phase of caution and relative inactivity (1960-1965); 2) Phase of turbulence, instability and civil war (1966-1969); 3) Phase of personal diplomacy, bold diplomatic initiatives, concrete legal, economic and political agreements on co-operation, and a higher degree of inter-state elite consciousness, understanding and co-operation unparalleled in Nigeria's diplomatic history. Notes, tables. |