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Periodical article Periodical article Leiden University catalogue Leiden University catalogue WorldCat catalogue WorldCat
Title:The Historical Dynamics of the Socioeconomic Relationships between the Nomadic San and the Rural Kgalagadi
Author:Ikeya, KazunobuISNI
Year:1999
Periodical:Botswana Notes and Records (ISSN 0525-5090)
Volume:31
Pages:19-32
Language:English
Notes:biblio. refs., ills., maps
Geographic terms:Botswana
Southern Africa
Subjects:ethnic relations
San
Kgalagadi
Peoples of Africa (Ethnic Groups)
History and Exploration
Anthropology, Folklore, Culture
San (African people)
Kgalagadi (African people)
Socioeconomic surveys
history
Central Kalahari Game Reserve (Botswana)
External link:https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980236
Abstract:Past studies present two different images of the San living in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve, Botswana, one of the San existing in isolation from the outside world, another of the San coexisting with the Kgalagadi. Based on fieldwork, including interviews with elders in various settlements in the Reserve, the present author describes historical changes in the various socioeconomic relationships between the nomadic San and the rural Kgalagadi, and clarifies the factors that gave rise to the two different images of the San. He indicates that the relationships formed between San and Kgalagadi are not limited to goat raising but also include the sharing of wild and cultivated watermelons and the trading of wild animal skins. Relationships between San and Kgalagadi in the Reserve can be classified into three types: those dominated by San, those in which San and Kgalagadi take equal part in a combination of activities, including hunting, gathering, crop farming and livestock raising, and those characterized by symbiosis. A symbiotic relationship was first formed between the San and the Kgalagadi when the Kgalagadi migrated to the Reserve. This relationship developed into a combined type of relationship in places where Kgalagadi outnumbered San and into a relationship dominated by San in places where San outnumbered Kgalagadi. Whatever the relationship, however, there are almost no San living in the Reserve who have had no contact with Kgalagadi at some time since the late nineteenth century. Bibliogr., sum.
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