Outside Development Interventions: People's Daily Actions among the Plateau Tonga of Zambia

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Periodical article

Title:	Outside Development Interventions: People's Daily Actions among the Plateau Tonga of Zambia
Author:	Araki, Minako
Year:	2001
Periodical:	African Study Monographs
Volume:	22
Issue:	4
Period:	December
Pages:	195-208
Language:	English
Geographic term:	Zambia
Subjects:	Tonga (Zambia, Zimbabwe) matriarchy Peoples of Africa (Ethnic Groups) Drought and Desertification Labor and Employment
External link:	https://jambo.africa.kyoto-u.ac.jp/kiroku/asm_normal/abstracts/pdf/22-4/195-208.pdf
Abstract:	Outside of or without development initiatives, people make a living by using their complex web of relationships. The matrilineal Tonga of Zambia have experienced external and internal changes since the beginning of the last century, and as a result, their egalitarian so-called 'economy of affection' has been transformed. This paper examines whether the Tonga 'sharing ideology' still exists by looking at how people help each other in farming tasks. The paper is based on field research conducted by the author in Monze District, Zambia, from October 1993 to September 1994. The paper shows that throughout different household categories, classes, and gender divisons, the Tonga are still embedded in a wider social netwerk based on kinship, neighbourhood and other relations, and they support each other in farming tasks. Conflicts were also observed on such occasions as the sharing of harvest or the settling of an inheritance. Bibliogr., sum.