In-Migrants and Exclusion in East African Rangelands: Access, Tenure and Conflict

Homewood, Katherine; Coast, Ernestina; Thompson, Michael

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Title:	In-Migrants and Exclusion in East African Rangelands: Access, Tenure and Conflict
Authors:	Homewood, Katherine Coast, Ernestina Thompson, Michael
Year:	2004
Periodical:	Africa: Journal of the International African Institute
Volume:	74
Issue:	4
Pages:	567-610
Language:	English
Geographic terms:	Kenya Tanzania
Subjects:	conflict migration natural resource management grasslands Development and Technology Agriculture, Natural Resources and the Environment Ethnic and Race Relations
External link:	https://www.jstor.org/stable/3556842
Abstract:	East African rangelands have a long history of population mobility linked to competition over key resources, negotiated access, and outright conflict. Both in the literature and in local discourse, in-migration is presented as leading to increased competition, driving poverty and social exclusion on the one hand, and conflict and violence on the other. Current analyses in developing countries identify economic differences, ethnic fault lines, ecological stresses and a breakdown in State provision of human and constitutional rights as factors in driving conflict. The present paper explores this interaction of in-migration and conflict with respect to Kenyan and Tanzanian pastoralist areas and populations. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, patterns of resource access and control in Kenya and Tanzania Maasailand are explored in terms of the ways land and livestock are associated with migration status, ethnicity and wealth or political class. Contrasts and similarities between the two national contexts are used to develop a better understanding of the ways these factors operate under different systems of tenure and access. The conclusion briefly considers implications of these patterns, their potential for exacerbating poverty, and policies for minimizing social exclusion and conflict in East African rangelands. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]